Saturday, September 30, 2017

Modern Indian & World History : Question Bank for 2017


These are Questions on Modern India & World History 

Answer all questions. Marks are provided against each question. Qs No 2 to 11 carry 20 marks each.
1.       Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each:                            [10x5=50]
a.        “An important but tragic consequence of the forcible expansion of cultivation, the reclamation of grazing lands and wastelands, and the commercialization of agriculture was the increased incidence of famines, particularly in the 2nd half of the 19th century.”[Dube, p 111]
b.       “The first occasion for a nationalist upsurge in the 20th century was provided by the high-handed policy of Viceroy Curzon and his decision to partition Bengal.” [Dube, p 221]
c.        “.........Gandhi’s success was due to the links he established and the support he commanded from vernacular leaders of regions that were not in the forefront of the nationalist struggle till then.” [Dube, p 282]
d.       “Political parties of distinct hues and colours participated in protests against the trials of the INA prisoners of war”[Dube, p 406]
e.        “Artillery remained the weak link in the Maratha army.....Besides, it lagged far behind in sophistication” [Dube, p 17]
2. Would you agree that post-independence, India dealt with the Princely States with a kid-glove strategy? Can you suggest any alternative model of integrating the recalcitrant Princely states?  
3. India faced a number of insurgencies, wars and internal political turmoil post-independence.  Bring out, according to your own assessment, three biggest challenges India faced after independence and thereafter discuss the issues in detail.                 
4. Critically evaluate, if 100% of the Indian Sepoys had revolted, then would the result of the revolt of 1857 been different?
5. The recent agitation in the University of Legon in Ghana against Gandhi and the controversial depiction of Gandhi by Jad Adams has essentially eroded him of the status of the Mahatma. What is your assessment?
6. “Suhrawardy, Bengal’s Prime Minister was the architect of the communal holocaust post Direct Action Day called by the Muslim League.” Comment.        
7. “Gandhian Satyagraha was merely a utopian exercise. In a span of over three decades, Gandhian political methods emasculated a large section of the populace.” Critically opine.
8. How could the Ghadar movement have been turned into a success? Should Lala Hardayal be held responsible for its apparent failure?
9. Did any ‘proletariat’ in the true sense of the term develop within Indian sub-continent post-1881? Posit instances. Was there any possibility of a proletariat-led revolution against the Imperial-bourgeoisie structure?
10. Demonstrate the difference between peasant-based anti-colonial movements of pre and post-1920. Provide special reference to Tebhaga and Telangana movements.

11. Wasn’t the tribal insurrections in colonised India only clamour of the autochthonous adivasis against external intervention, without any linkage to the notion of anti-Imperial political-nationalist struggle?
Answer all questions. Marks are provided against each question. Qs No 1 to 10 carry 20 marks each.

Q1. Citing dominant illustrations, demonstrate how reactionary regimes since 18th century, have attempted to suppress popular resistance and coerce citizens into submission.
Q2. “The Civil War aided the Bolsheviks in cementing their hold over the people in Russia.” Critically analyse.
Q3. “In the 21st century, Africa is a comparatively peaceful continent than what it was in the post-decolonisation years.” Why do you think that was the case in Africa post-decolonisation?

Q4. “Colonialism and Imperialism prevailed over Southeast Asia from the 1500s to the mid-1940s. There were seven contending colonial powers in Southeast Asia” Discuss.

Q5. “ Though the inhabitants of Latin America had a number of grievances, yet revolution was brought about by the upper classes.” Was this peculiar, for instance, if compared with France or America?

Q6. How did Industrialisation take place in Germany? What was the role of Zollverein? Compare the German case with that of the Russian.

Q7. “The Third World was not an outcome of Cold War, but a result of economic hegemony”. Do you agree?

Q8. Elucidate the principle of collective defence, which is enshrined in Article 5 of the Washington Treaty of NATO.

Q9. “The European Union, a diplomatic marvel, continues to grapple with intermittent fissures arising out of economic contentious issues that pose a challenge to an effective integration of the Union.” Critically examine

Q10. France couldn’t, what Britain could – that is, avoid big revolutions. How and why?

Q11. Comment on the following in about 150-200 words in your own language   [10 marks each]

A.    “Gorbachev has been chosen by many historians as the perfect punchbag for justifying the collapse of Soviet Union”.
B.     “Students, peasants, and workers of Vienna stormed into the Diet demanding the dismissal of Metternich. There was civil war.”
C.     “Bismarck’s first campaign on behalf of imperial unity was launched against the Roman Catholic Church, called the ‘Kulturkampf’ “
D.    Zimbabwe took a long time than usual to break the fetters of colonialism
E.     “The rise of Socialism in Latin America in the 1960s had its roots in the Cuban Revolution”


Paper II FULL [Modern India + World History]                         [02 OCT 2017]
Max Marks: 250                                                                      Max Time: 180 mins

Question Nos. 1 & 5 are compulsory. Answer any three questions from the rest, taking at least one question from each section. Marks are detailed against each question.

Section A

1.       Critically examine the following statements in NOT more than 150 words each:   [10x5=50]

a.       “The policy of education that was followed post-1854 was ironically more influenced by the Macaulay Minute than the Wood’s Despatch”
b.       “After the First World War the Indian National Movement entered into a new phase. With the emergence of Gandhi, the element of mass mobilisation was introduced”
c.        “Against the background of Cripps Mission and the compulsive inclusion of India in the war the political scenario in India had worsened. As such if Congress was to keep its promises for an independent India , the time has come when Congress was to give a final blow to British paramount in India”
d.       “Next to Hyderabad, the most important power that emerged in South India was Mysore under Haidar Ali. The kingdom of Mysore had prescribed its precarious independence ever since the end of the Vijayanagar Empire”
e.       “Renunciation, meditation and devotion were the ways of salvation sought by Ramakrishna Paramhansa”

2A. “With the clouds of World War II looming large in the horizon, Nehru's skill in international relations would be tested once more. Nehru did not support Bose's policy of siding with the Axis forces, and intended to extend support to the Allies.” Critically discuss.
2B. “India is a puzzling and complex mix of tribal, feudal and industrial stages of social evolution.This is compounded to low literacy rate, strangle-hold of religion, superstitions, ignorance and poverty.” Do you agree in the context of India from 1947 to 1964?
2C. India and Pakistan have been in conflict ever since independence. The Indian subcontinent was partitioned 1947 and ever since there has been a conflict of interests. Explain.   [20+15+15=50]

3A. Bhagat Singh came from a family of patriots and freedom fighters. His uncle, Ajit Singh was a pioneer in opposing the Colonization Act 1905 and had to remain in exile till the country gained independence. His father also was an active participant in the struggle for the liberation of the country from the colonial rule. Do you think such family background helped Bhagat Singh to take up revolutionary activities?
3B. “British settlements in Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta became the nuclei of flourishing cities. Large numbers of Indian merchants and bankers were attracted to these cities. People attracted towards Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta partly due to the new commercial opportunities available in these cities and partly due to the unsettled condition and insecurity outside them, caused by the break-up of the Mughal Empire.” Give your opinion.
3C. Sketch the British Provincial administration post-1857 to 1885.   [15+15+20=50]


4A. The Morley-Minto Reforms Increased the number of elected members in the Imperial Legislative Council and the provincial councils. Discuss.
4B. Gandhiji took a very serious view of Chauri Chaura incident. It convinced him that the nationalist workers had not yet properly understood nor learnt the practice of non-violence without which, he was convinced, civil disobedience could not be a success. What is your opinion on Gandhiji’s methods, especially in the backdrop of this incident?
4C. The Cabinet Mission proposed a two-tiered federal plan, which was expected to maintain national unity while conceding the largest measure of regional autonomy. Do you think this was the best possible solution at that juncture? Did it work?         [10+20+20=50]



Section B

5. Critically examine the following statements in about 150 words each:   [10x5=50]

a.       “Edmund Burke was one of the first to suggest that the philosophers of the French Enlightenment were somehow responsible for the French Revolution, and his argument was taken up, and elaborated on, by many historians, including Tocqueville and Lord Acton. The philosophes undoubtedly provided the ideas. It may well be that the collapse of the old regime was the consequence of other factors.”
b.       “Great Britain was a veritable champion of liberalism. It was also the first country to destroy autocracy. However, democracy was built up, by reforms.”
c.        As 'chancellor' of the new United Germany, Bismarck concentrated on building a powerful state with a unified national identity.”
d.       “When "power" replaced human muscles in driving machines, employers largely ceased to give their work out to men and women who bought or hired machines for use in their own homes. Instead, they gathered all the machines together in a single factory, or mill, where the "power" could be applied to all at once with the least trouble and expense.”
e.       “The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement. Enlightenment thinkers tried to apply reason and the scientific method to laws that shaped human actions.”

6A. What is totalitarianism? How did Stalin change Soviet society?
6B.
How were developing nations affected by the Cold War? With special reference to Brazil, bring out what happened in Latin America post-WWII.
6C. By 1900, the Great Powers in Europe were beginning to divide themselves into two separate groups. A major cause of this had been the growth in power of Germany and its rivalry with other powers, particularly France. Discuss.               [15+15+20=50]

7A. “Russia was determined to help establish pro-Russian governments in the Balkans, pre-1914.” Critically evaluate.
7B. The groundwork for Italian unification was laid by a literary and political movement known as Risorgimento. Do you agree?
7C. Paint a picture of Africa post-decolonisation, till 1991.         [15+15+20=50]

8A. “Indian independence had an amazing demonstration effect. The attainment of independence in India triggered off a wave of same growths crossways Africa and Asia.” Demosntrate.
8B. Adolf Hitler‘s der totale krieg (Total War) had the objective of complete destruction of enemy‘s community through wholesale mobilization of the volk (general people). Explain by citing instances.

8C. “The Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution were rooted in ideals that challenged the political structure of the world.” Examine.    [20+15+15=50]

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